EU Unveils New Strategic Agenda with India Amidst Tensions Over Russia
The European Union (EU) has recently introduced a comprehensive strategy aimed at strengthening its relationship with India, focusing on trade, technology, and security. This initiative, however, comes with a caveat: the EU’s foreign and security policy chief, Kaja Kallas, has expressed concerns regarding India’s military ties with Russia and its ongoing purchases of Russian oil, which she claims hinder deeper cooperation.
A New Vision for EU-India Relations
On Wednesday, the European Commission and Kaja Kallas jointly announced the “New Strategic EU-India Agenda” in Brussels. This strategy is expected to receive endorsement from the EU’s 27 member states by the end of the year, paving the way for its formal adoption at the upcoming India-EU Summit scheduled for early 2026.
The agenda outlines five key areas of mutual interest, including trade, investment, technology, and security. A significant aspect of this strategy is the push to finalize ongoing negotiations for a free trade agreement (FTA). Kallas emphasized that the relationship between the EU and India extends beyond mere trade, highlighting the importance of a rules-based international order.
Military Exercises and Energy Purchases: A Point of Contention
Kallas specifically pointed to India’s participation in military exercises with Russia, such as the recent Zapad joint military exercise, as a significant obstacle to closer ties. During this exercise, which took place from September 10 to 16, India sent a contingent of 65 military personnel to Belarus, alongside troops from countries like China, Cuba, and Iran. The presence of U.S. military observers at the event raised eyebrows among EU officials, further complicating the geopolitical landscape.
The timing of India’s military engagement coincided with the inaugural visit of the EU’s Political and Security Committee to India, a body responsible for shaping the bloc’s foreign and defense policies. Reports indicate that committee members raised concerns about India’s military ties with Russia during their discussions with Indian officials.
Strengthening Partnerships with Reliable Allies
European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen has been a vocal advocate for deepening cooperation with India, particularly in defense and security. She framed the new strategy as a means to reinforce relationships with “reliable partners” like India. “Now is the time to focus on reliable partners and double down on partnerships rooted in shared interests and guided by common values,” von der Leyen stated.
The strategy aims to enhance trade, investment, and talent mobility while also fostering joint economic security. Von der Leyen noted that Europe is already India’s largest trading partner and expressed a commitment to finalizing the FTA by the end of the year. “Europe is open for business, and we are ready to invest in our shared future with India,” she added.
Trade Talks and Economic Growth
Recent statistics underscore the growing economic ties between India and the EU. Trade in goods between the two entities surged by nearly 90% over the past decade, reaching €120 billion in 2024. Additionally, trade in services amounted to €59.7 billion in 2023. The ongoing negotiations for the FTA have gained momentum, particularly in light of U.S. tariffs of 50% on Indian goods, which have prompted India to seek stronger trade relations with the EU.
The new EU strategy encompasses five pillars: trade, investment, technology and sustainability; defense and security; connectivity and global issues; coordination on labor mobility; and next steps focused on shared priorities. This multifaceted approach aims to cultivate predictable and long-term relations between the two parties.
Focus on Technology and Sustainability
Under the trade and technology pillar, the EU plans to reinforce supply chains, promote critical and emerging technologies, and engage on digital issues. The strategy also proposes ambitious initiatives for decarbonization and green transition, emphasizing opportunities for joint efforts in enhancing food security and climate resilience.
Enhancing Security and Defense Cooperation
The proposed India-EU security and defense partnership aims to bolster strategic consultations and joint initiatives in areas such as maritime security, cyber defense, and counterterrorism. Discussions are underway regarding a Security of Information Agreement, which would facilitate the exchange of classified information to enhance defense and security collaboration.
Moreover, the EU envisions intensifying its engagement with India concerning “Russia’s war against Ukraine, shadow fleets, and sanctions” as part of the defense and security framework.
Conclusion
The EU’s new strategic agenda with India represents a significant step toward deepening bilateral relations, particularly in trade, technology, and security. However, the ongoing tensions surrounding India’s military ties with Russia and energy purchases pose challenges that could complicate this partnership. As both parties navigate these complexities, the focus remains on fostering a relationship built on shared interests and values, with the potential for substantial economic and strategic benefits. The coming months will be crucial as the EU and India work to finalize their free trade agreement and address the geopolitical dynamics that influence their collaboration.
