Rising Cannabis Use Among Pregnant Women Raises Concerns
As the legalization of cannabis spreads across the United States, a growing number of pregnant women are turning to marijuana to alleviate various pregnancy-related ailments. However, health experts are sounding alarms about the potential risks associated with this trend, particularly during the critical first trimester of fetal development.
Increasing Prevalence of Cannabis Use
According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, published annually by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, approximately one in six women reported using marijuana or cannabidiol (CBD) products while pregnant. Alarmingly, a recent study from the University of Florida revealed that nearly half of these women were unaware of the associated risks. This lack of awareness is concerning, especially given the potential implications for both maternal and fetal health.
Reasons for Use
Women often cite various reasons for using cannabis during pregnancy, including stress, anxiety, nausea, insomnia, and pain. The compounds found in cannabis, primarily tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), have different effects on the body. While CBD is non-psychoactive and does not affect the brain, THC is known for its euphoric effects. Dr. Alta DeRoo, chief medical officer at the Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, emphasizes that today’s marijuana is significantly more potent than in previous decades, making older research potentially outdated.
The Safety Debate
The question of whether marijuana is safe during pregnancy is complex. Many people assume that because cannabis is a natural product and legal in many states, it must be safe. However, this assumption is misleading. For instance, while vitamin A is a natural substance, excessive amounts can lead to birth defects, as noted by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG).
Dr. Jamie Lo, an associate professor at Oregon Health & Science University, cautions that there is no known safe amount of cannabis for pregnant women. She advises her patients to consider safer alternatives for managing their symptoms. “If they cannot abstain, at least try to reduce their frequency of use,” she adds.
Lack of Research
One of the significant challenges in understanding the effects of cannabis during pregnancy is the scarcity of research. A public health study found that less than 1% of drug trials in the past 15 years have included pregnant participants. This lack of data makes it difficult for healthcare providers to offer informed guidance.
Risks Associated with Cannabis Use
The risks of using marijuana during pregnancy are becoming increasingly evident. When a pregnant woman consumes cannabis, the compounds cross the placenta and enter the fetus. According to Dr. DeRoo, receptors for cannabis begin to develop in the baby’s brain as early as the third month of pregnancy. Research indicates that exposure to cannabis can lead to decreased fetal weight, smaller head circumference, and an increased likelihood of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions.
A recent review of 51 studies published in May found that marijuana use during pregnancy is linked to a higher risk of preterm delivery and a staggering 75% increase in the likelihood of low birth weight. These factors can have long-term implications for a child’s neurological and psychological development.
Additional Health Concerns
Pregnant women who smoke marijuana may also experience respiratory issues, as the substance can reduce oxygen levels. Furthermore, any amount of cannabis can impair judgment, increase dizziness, and elevate the risk of falls-concerns that are particularly relevant during pregnancy.
Studies have shown that cannabis use is associated with difficulties in concentration, memory, and learning. Additionally, it can complicate elective surgeries and lead to increased emergency room visits and hospitalizations. Experts warn that cannabis can also contribute to substance use disorder during pregnancy due to its addictive potential.
The Need for Awareness
Dr. Tiffany Benjamin, a psychiatrist based in San Francisco, highlights the importance of understanding cannabis use disorder, which is characterized by continued use despite negative consequences. She notes that excessive cannabis consumption can lead to various side effects, including red eyes, increased appetite, dry mouth, and delayed reaction times.
The potential for euphoria, anxiety, and paranoia further complicates the issue, making it crucial for pregnant women to be fully informed about the risks associated with cannabis use.
Conclusion
As cannabis use among pregnant women continues to rise, the need for comprehensive education and awareness becomes increasingly urgent. While many women seek relief from pregnancy-related symptoms, the potential risks to both maternal and fetal health cannot be overlooked. Healthcare providers must prioritize discussions about the implications of cannabis use during pregnancy, emphasizing the importance of informed decision-making. As research continues to evolve, it is essential for pregnant women to consider safer alternatives and remain vigilant about their health and the health of their unborn children.
