Malawi Faces Crucial Presidential Elections Amid Economic Turmoil
Malawi is currently in the throes of a pivotal presidential election, a process that unfolds against the backdrop of a severe economic crisis in one of Africa’s most impoverished and climate-vulnerable nations. As voters head to the polls, they are not only selecting a president but also electing parliamentarians and local councillors across 35 local governments. The stakes are high, with the nation grappling with soaring inflation and the aftermath of devastating natural disasters.
Economic Crisis Deepens
The economic landscape in Malawi has deteriorated significantly in recent months. The country is experiencing double-digit inflation, which has led to skyrocketing food prices. This crisis follows a series of extreme weather events, including a severe drought last year and the catastrophic Cyclone Freddy in February 2023, which claimed over 1,000 lives and devastated local livelihoods. According to the World Bank, Malawi’s economy is heavily reliant on agriculture, with about 80% of its population engaged in subsistence farming. However, the rising costs of essential goods and services have left many struggling to make ends meet.
The Voting Process
Voting commenced early on Tuesday and is set to conclude by evening. Approximately 7.2 million registered voters are participating in this election, as reported by the Malawi Electoral Commission. To secure the presidency, a candidate must obtain more than 50% of the votes; otherwise, a runoff will be necessary. The results for the presidential election are expected to be announced by September 24, while parliamentary results will follow by September 30.
Key Contenders in the Race
Seventeen candidates are vying for the presidency, but the contest is primarily seen as a two-horse race between the incumbent, President Lazarus Chakwera, and former President Peter Mutharika.
Lazarus Chakwera
At 70 years old, Chakwera leads the ruling Malawi Congress Party (MCP) and is seeking a second and final term as president, as stipulated by the constitution. His initial victory in 2020 was historic, marking the first time in African history that an opposition candidate won a re-run election after a court found irregularities in the previous vote. However, Chakwera’s administration has faced significant challenges, including rampant inflation and fuel shortages. Allegations of nepotism have also marred his presidency, particularly following the appointment of his daughter as a diplomat in Brussels.
Chakwera has attributed the country’s economic struggles to external factors, including last year’s drought and the cholera outbreak that plagued the nation from 2022 to 2024. His supporters highlight infrastructure improvements, such as major road construction and the revival of train services, as achievements of his administration.
Peter Mutharika
Peter Mutharika, 85, is the leader of the opposition Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) and is attempting a political comeback after losing to Chakwera in 2020. A former law professor, Mutharika argues that Malawi experienced economic growth during his tenure from 2014 to 2020. While he is credited with initiating significant infrastructure projects and reducing inflation, his administration was also marred by corruption scandals, including a bribery incident that led to widespread protests in 2018.
Critics have raised concerns about Mutharika’s age and his relatively low visibility during the campaign. He is the brother of former President Bingu wa Mutharika, who passed away in office in 2012.
Other notable candidates include Joyce Banda, Malawi’s first female president, and Michael Usi, a former vice president.
What’s at Stake?
Economic Challenges
Malawi’s economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, particularly the export of tobacco and tea. However, the nation is also burdened by external debt and a reliance on foreign aid. Rising food prices, which have surged by approximately 30% in the past year, are a pressing concern for voters. Many citizens are frustrated as their salaries remain stagnant while the cost of living continues to rise. The situation is exacerbated by severe fuel shortages, with long queues forming at gas stations daily.
In May, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) suspended a $175 million loan program due to a lack of progress, with only $35 million disbursed. Negotiations for a new program are anticipated post-elections.
Corruption Issues
Corruption has plagued both Chakwera’s and Mutharika’s administrations, leading to widespread public disillusionment. While Chakwera has vowed to combat corruption, he has faced criticism for nepotism and selective enforcement of anti-corruption measures. Banda, who has also pledged to tackle corruption, previously dismissed her entire cabinet in 2013 following a scandal involving government officials.
Climate Vulnerability
Malawi is one of the most climate-vulnerable countries in the world, despite contributing minimally to global emissions. The majority of its population relies on subsistence farming, making them particularly susceptible to the impacts of climate change. Activists have called for more robust investment in systems that can withstand climate shocks, emphasizing the need for policies that prioritize the well-being of vulnerable populations.
The country has faced severe droughts and extreme weather events, with the World Food Program reporting that hundreds of thousands of people have relied on food assistance due to crop failures. Cyclone Freddy, one of the deadliest storms in recent history, further exacerbated food shortages and economic instability.
Conclusion
As Malawi heads to the polls, the outcome of this election will have far-reaching implications for the nation’s future. With economic challenges, corruption, and climate vulnerability at the forefront of voters’ minds, the elected leader will need to navigate a complex landscape to restore hope and stability. The decisions made in this election could shape the trajectory of Malawi for years to come, making it a critical moment in the country’s history.
